This year marks the 200th anniversary of the establishment of the General Government of Eastern Siberia. In Imperial Russia, the power of governors-general was developed mainly in the outskirts, as well as in the areas governed by a special position. These territories include the Usinsk border district, and since 1914, the Tannu-Uriankhai region. This article analyzes the policy pursued by the Irkutsk Governor-General from the second half of the 19th century to 1914 - the time of the solution of the “Uriankhai question” before the establishment of the Russian protectorate.