Ayana A-O. Samdan
Publications by the Author
4 publications
THE FIRST KAMBY LAMA OF TUVA K. O. SANDAK (1918-1996)
The article is devoted to the issue of the creation of a centralized institute for the administration of the Kamby Lama of the republic in the first half of the 1990s, which is a period of restoration and revival of religion, when religious communities were registered and relations with Buddhistm regions resumed. This time was also marked by the arrival of His Holiness the Dalai Lama XIV in Tuva.
THE LIFE AND ACITIVITIES OF BAIR ALEXEY SHIRINMEEVICH (1904 - 1985)
The author of the article examines the biography of one of statesmen and politicians of the Tuvan People's Republic (hereinafter -TPR) Alexey Shirinmeevich Bair (1904-1985), who made a significant contribution to the development of the republic. The article has been based on archival documents. Alexey Shirinmeevich Bair did not belong to the category of forgotten statesmen, but nevertheless there is a gap in his biography, political and public activities. The author has made an attempt to fill in the gaps in his biography using his personal fund (f. 542), which is kept in the National Archive of the Republic of Tuva, and the documents he personally deposited in the archive of the TNIIYALI (now TIGPI).
CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORY SECTOR OF TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI TO HISTORICAL TUVINIAN STUDIES
The article reveales the continuity of the Scientific Committee of the Tuvan People's Republic (hereinafter – TNR) and the TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI, the role of famous historians of the older generation in solving the tasks facing historical Tuvan studies, the continuation of their traditions in the activities of the history sector in our days. A special attention has been paid to the scientists who wrote the fundamental works for historical Tuvinian studies, as well as to the head of the history sector of TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI.
AGGRAVATION OF THE TAX ISSUE AND THE UPRISING ON KHEMCHIK IN 1924: A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP
The article examines the key factors that led to the anti-government uprising in 1924 in the Tuvan People's Republic (the TPR) on the basis of unpublished archival documents. The tax policy of the country, due to which part of the population received benefits and preferences in taxation, led to social tension in society. When collecting taxes the solvency of the population, the principle of fairness and proportionality were not taken into account. It is claimed that the protest mood of the population continued throughout 1923-1924. Despite the measures taken by the Tuvan People's Republic Party’s Central Committee and the TPR Government to peacefully regulate the conflict, the rebels continued their illegal actions. Then they were forced to do armed detachments. All segments of the population, except lamas and shamans, took part in the armed demonstration. It is proved that gross offenses and serious crimes were committed by the People's Army. That factor played to the rebels’ advantages who received moral support from the population. Taking advantage of the situation interested persons again raised the issue of the entry of some Tuvan sumons, khoshuns into Mongolia. Those and other issues were resolved constructively at the Tripartite Conference with the participation of representatives of the USSR, the TPR and MPR (Mongolian People's Republic).