Ayana A-O. Samdan
Publications by the Author
9 publications
MONETARY REFORMS IN THE TUVAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC
Based on archival materials, the article examines the key stages of monetary reforms in the territory of the Tuvan People’s Republic. The complex path of monetary circulation formation is shown, aimed at overcoming the legacy of multicurrency, creating a national currency as an instrument of partial economic and political autonomy. This experience demonstrates how, with external support, TNR was able to build a functioning monetary system in an agrarian economy.
MINING DEPARTMENT AT TUVINBANK (1929-1934)
The article examines the activities of the Mining Department of the Tuvan Commercial and Industrial Bank, which played a key role in the development of the mining industry in Tuva. With the creation of this body, geological expeditions were organized by the USSR Academy of Sciences, small artels were gradually replaced, and the department itself was transformed into a state management structure.
MONGOLIAN RITUAL SUTRAS: “THE SUTRA OF INCENSE OFFERING OF A RIFLE” AND “THE SUTRA OF INCENSE OFFERING OF HIGH MOUNTAINS”
In pre-revolutionary Tuva, along with extensive Buddhist canonical and artistic works, ritual literature was also widely used, which consisted of hymns to deities, rituals and fortune-telling books. This is due to the religious beliefs and cosmogonic beliefs of the Tuvinians. The main purpose of the article is a source–based analysis of the content of these sutras.
THIRTY-FIVE YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY (TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF MOLLEROV, NIKOLAI MIKHAILOVICH)
The article is devoted to the review of the research and teaching activities of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Tuva Nikolay Mikhailovich Mollerov. He is a major researcher on the modern period of Tuva history. His works are devoted to a wide range of socio-political problems of Tuva in the 20th century. In addition, publications of archival documents occupy a special place in the list of scientifi c works of N.M. Mollerov.
ARCHIVE FUND OF THE PERSONAL ORIGIN OF THE VETERAN OF TUVAN JOURNALISM AND WRITER K.-K. K. CHOODU
The article analyzes the personal fund of the famous journalist, writer and social activist Kara-Kuske Kunzekovich Choodu. The fund is systematized according to a functional chronological scheme and mainly consists of documents of creative activity (typewritten and handwritten poems) and printed publications (collections of poems and journalistic essays).
THE FIRST KAMBY LAMA OF TUVA K. O. SANDAK (1918-1996)
The article is devoted to the issue of the creation of a centralized institute for the administration of the Kamby Lama of the republic in the first half of the 1990s, which is a period of restoration and revival of religion, when religious communities were registered and relations with Buddhistm regions resumed. This time was also marked by the arrival of His Holiness the Dalai Lama XIV in Tuva.
THE LIFE AND ACITIVITIES OF BAIR ALEXEY SHIRINMEEVICH (1904 - 1985)
The author of the article examines the biography of one of statesmen and politicians of the Tuvan People's Republic (hereinafter -TPR) Alexey Shirinmeevich Bair (1904-1985), who made a significant contribution to the development of the republic. The article has been based on archival documents. Alexey Shirinmeevich Bair did not belong to the category of forgotten statesmen, but nevertheless there is a gap in his biography, political and public activities. The author has made an attempt to fill in the gaps in his biography using his personal fund (f. 542), which is kept in the National Archive of the Republic of Tuva, and the documents he personally deposited in the archive of the TNIIYALI (now TIGPI).
CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORY SECTOR OF TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI TO HISTORICAL TUVINIAN STUDIES
The article reveales the continuity of the Scientific Committee of the Tuvan People's Republic (hereinafter – TNR) and the TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI, the role of famous historians of the older generation in solving the tasks facing historical Tuvan studies, the continuation of their traditions in the activities of the history sector in our days. A special attention has been paid to the scientists who wrote the fundamental works for historical Tuvinian studies, as well as to the head of the history sector of TNIIYALI-TIGI-TIGPI.
AGGRAVATION OF THE TAX ISSUE AND THE UPRISING ON KHEMCHIK IN 1924: A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP
The article examines the key factors that led to the anti-government uprising in 1924 in the Tuvan People's Republic (the TPR) on the basis of unpublished archival documents. The tax policy of the country, due to which part of the population received benefits and preferences in taxation, led to social tension in society. When collecting taxes the solvency of the population, the principle of fairness and proportionality were not taken into account. It is claimed that the protest mood of the population continued throughout 1923-1924. Despite the measures taken by the Tuvan People's Republic Party’s Central Committee and the TPR Government to peacefully regulate the conflict, the rebels continued their illegal actions. Then they were forced to do armed detachments. All segments of the population, except lamas and shamans, took part in the armed demonstration. It is proved that gross offenses and serious crimes were committed by the People's Army. That factor played to the rebels’ advantages who received moral support from the population. Taking advantage of the situation interested persons again raised the issue of the entry of some Tuvan sumons, khoshuns into Mongolia. Those and other issues were resolved constructively at the Tripartite Conference with the participation of representatives of the USSR, the TPR and MPR (Mongolian People's Republic).